The traditional clothing of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is deeply rooted in cultural and religious values, reflecting a rich history that has evolved over centuries. However, the topic often brings some ambiguity, especially for those not familiar with the region’s customs. Unlike the cosmopolitan vibe of Dubai, the rest of the Emirates have a conservative approach to attire, emphasizing modesty as guided by Islamic teachings.

In this article, we will explore the distinct elements of UAE traditional clothing, its significance, and how it varies across different Emirates. We will also look at the modern adaptations that blend tradition with contemporary styles.

Dubai vs. Other Emirates: A Cultural Contrast in Dress Code

While Dubai is known for its openness to Western fashion, it still upholds a certain level of respect for traditional values. Visitors and residents in Dubai can be seen wearing a mix of attire, from t-shirts and trousers to long skirts, with the understanding that modesty is appreciated, especially in public spaces. On the other hand, the remaining Emirates like Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and Ras Al Khaimah hold on to more conservative dress codes, often favoring traditional attire that aligns with Islamic principles.

In essence, Dubai presents a progressive yet respectful approach to dressing, while the rest of the UAE stays closer to traditional norms, showcasing a blend of heritage and religious observance.

Islamic & Traditional Clothing: Adapting to the Climate and Culture

The clothing styles in the UAE are not just about modesty but also designed to suit the hot and arid climate of the region. The attire provides protection from the harsh sun, keeping the body cool and comfortable. Here’s a look at the various types of traditional clothing worn by men and women in the UAE:

1. Abaya: The National Dress for Women

The Abaya is the most iconic piece of clothing for Emirati women, often recognized as their national dress. This long, flowing cloak, traditionally in black, covers the entire body except for the face, feet, and hands. The Abaya is a symbol of elegance and modesty, with many women choosing to pair it with a Niqāb (face veil) and Gafaaz (gloves) for added coverage.

While traditionally plain, modern Abayas often feature intricate embroidery, delicate patterns, and embellishments, allowing women to express their style while adhering to cultural norms.

2. Ghutrah & Agal: The Traditional Headgear for Men

The Ghutrah (also known as keffiyeh or shemagh in other Arabic countries) is a traditional headscarf worn by Emirati men. Made from a square piece of cotton, it is draped over the head to provide protection from the sun and dust. The Ghutrah is usually worn in white or in red-and-white checkered patterns.

To secure the Ghutrah in place, men wear an Agal—a black cord that holds the headscarf steady. While the Agal is a staple of traditional attire, younger generations are exploring new ways to drape the Ghutrah without it, adding a touch of modern flair.

3. Burqa: A Symbol of Modesty Among Women

The Burqa is another outer garment worn by women in the UAE, especially among the older generations. This full-body covering is designed to ensure modesty in public spaces. It is typically worn over everyday clothing and is removed when a woman is at home or in the company of close family members. The Burqa, unlike the Abaya, fully covers the face, with a small opening for the eyes.

Though less common among the younger population, the Burqa remains a cultural staple among older Emirati women, symbolizing a deep respect for tradition.

4. Kandura: The Elegant Robe for Men

Also known as Thawb, Thobe, or Dishdasha, the Kandura is an ankle-length robe worn by Emirati men. Typically white in color, the Kandura is loose-fitting, providing comfort in the scorching heat. During winter, these robes may come in darker shades like brown, grey, or blue.

The length of the Kandura often signifies the status of the wearer. Longer robes are associated with wealth and nobility, while shorter ones are seen as a sign of humility and modesty.

5. Gishwa: The Mysterious Veil

The Gishwa is a thin, lightweight veil worn by Emirati women. Unlike the Niqāb, which covers the face completely, the Gishwa is semi-transparent, allowing women to see through it while keeping their identity concealed. This delicate veil symbolizes modesty and is often worn during special occasions or religious events.

6. Ghafiyah: The Hidden Cap for Men

Beneath the Ghutrah, men often wear a Ghafiyah, a cap similar to the Muslim prayer hat. The Ghafiyah is intricately embroidered, showcasing traditional craftsmanship. While it is usually hidden beneath the headscarf, it remains an essential part of a man’s traditional attire, symbolizing respect for cultural heritage.

The Cultural and Religious Significance of Traditional Clothing

Traditional Emirati clothing is more than just attire—it’s a representation of the UAE’s rich heritage, religious beliefs, and values. The designs and styles are carefully crafted to align with the region’s climate, making them not only culturally significant but also practical for everyday wear.

The emphasis on modesty, especially in women’s clothing, is deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, promoting a sense of dignity and respect. At the same time, men’s attire like the Kandura and Ghutrah are symbols of national pride and unity, often worn with a sense of honor.

Preserving Tradition in a Modern World

As the UAE continues to grow and modernize, there is a conscious effort to preserve traditional attire. Many Emiratis take pride in wearing their national dress, especially during religious festivals, weddings, and national celebrations. Even in a rapidly changing world, the traditional clothing of the UAE remains a proud emblem of cultural identity.

Interested in Learning More About UAE Culture?

The United Arab Emirates offers a fascinating blend of tradition and modernity. From its iconic skyscrapers to its deep-rooted cultural practices, there’s always something new to discover. Dive deeper into the UAE’s rich cultural heritage and explore more articles on traditional clothing, customs, and lifestyle.